Nestled atop a rocky hill in the old Fujairah region, approximately 2 kilometers from the modern city center and 1 kilometer from the Gulf of Oman, Fujairah Fort stands as a testament to the United Arab Emirates' rich history and architectural ingenuity. Regarded as the oldest and largest castle in the UAE, this 16th-century fortress has played a pivotal role in safeguarding the region and resisting colonial expansion. Today, it is one of Fujairah’s premier tourist attractions, offering visitors a glimpse into the emirate’s storied past, breathtaking panoramic views, and a connection to traditional Emirati culture. This article explores the fort’s history, architecture, cultural significance, and practical information for visitors.
Fujairah Fort’s origins are shrouded in some mystery, with construction dates estimated between 1500 and 1550, based on radiocarbon dating. Some sources suggest it was built during Portuguese rule, potentially by Portuguese colonizers, while others argue it was constructed by local rulers to protect trade routes and the region’s date palm oasis. A more recent Australian study proposes a later construction date, possibly in the 17th or 18th century, by the local ruling Al Sharqi family. Regardless of its precise origins, the fort’s strategic location on a 20-meter-high hill made it a vital defensive stronghold, overseeing the city and coast.
Throughout its history, Fujairah Fort has witnessed significant events. From 1808 to 1810, it was occupied by Wahhabists, a religious and political movement from the Arabian Peninsula. In 1925, the British Navy bombarded the fort as part of an anti-slavery enforcement action, destroying three of its towers and leading to its temporary abandonment. The fort was restored briefly in 1925, but by the 1960s, one round tower and the square tower had collapsed. Between 1997 and 2000, the Fujairah Administration of Antiquity and Heritage meticulously restored the fort to its original condition, using traditional materials like rock, gravel, mud, hay, and plaster. This restoration has preserved the fort’s historical integrity, making it accessible to modern visitors.
The fort has served multiple purposes over the centuries: a military base, a royal residence for the ruling family, a prison, an execution chamber, and, more recently, a venue for high-profile weddings and cultural events, such as the Arabian Horse Beauty Championships. Its enduring presence reflects Fujairah’s resilience and cultural heritage.
Fujairah Fort is a masterpiece of traditional Emirati architecture, distinguished by its irregular design, which adapts to the uneven rocky outcrop on which it stands. Covering an area of 610 square meters, the fort is constructed primarily from local materials, including stone, gravel, clay, hay, and gypsum (alsarooj). Its roof is made of palm fronds and trunks, supported by mangrove poles, showcasing sustainable building practices of the era. The fort’s rugged exterior contrasts with the serene surrounding landscape, evoking a sense of timeless grandeur.
The fort’s layout includes three round watchtowers and one square tower, often referred to as the Murabaa or keep, which rises over 2.5 meters above the fort’s walls. These towers are connected by high walls, forming a central hall and inner courtyard. The irregular shape of the castle, a result of the rocky terrain, sets it apart from other UAE forts, which typically follow more standardized designs. Inside, the fort features several rooms, including living quarters, storage areas, a madbasa (a room for pressing dates), and a prison within one of the towers. The design includes defensive elements like loopholes and high walls, strategically placed to protect against maritime invasions and safeguard trade routes.
Visitors can access the fort through double-turret teakwood doors, which lead to well-preserved corridors, staircases, and lookout points. The fort’s elevated position offers sweeping views of Fujairah’s rugged mountains, vast deserts, and the shimmering Gulf of Oman, making it a favorite spot for photographers and history enthusiasts. After sunset, the fort is illuminated, creating a striking visual against the night sky.
Fujairah Fort is more than a historical monument; it is a living museum that connects visitors to the UAE’s cultural roots. Its role in resisting colonial expansion, particularly against Portuguese and British forces, underscores its importance as a symbol of Emirati resilience. The fort’s exhibitions and interpretive displays provide insights into its historical role and Fujairah’s broader heritage, offering educational experiences for locals and tourists alike.
The fort is part of a larger historical complex that includes the Fujairah Heritage Village and the Fujairah Museum, both located nearby. The Heritage Village, established in 1996 by the Fujairah Department of Archaeology and Heritage, features reconstructed adobe houses, exhibits of traditional Emirati life, and a demonstration of the Al Yazrah irrigation system, which used bulls to irrigate fields. The Fujairah Museum, just south of the fort, houses artifacts from the Bronze and Iron Ages, including pottery, jewelry, and an ostrich egg dating back to 2,500 BC, providing further context for the region’s history.
The fort’s courtyard, once a venue for celebrations, now hosts cultural events, reinforcing its role as a community and tourist hub. Its proximity to other historical sites, such as the Al Bidayah Mosque (the UAE’s oldest mosque, built in 1446) and the Bithnah Fort, makes it a key stop on Fujairah’s historical trail.
Practical Information
How to Reach
Fujairah Fort is easily accessible from Dubai, approximately a one and half hour drive via the E88 and E89 highways. Visitors can travel to Fujairah by bus or rental car, but within the city, options are limited to taxis or rental vehicles due to the lack of conventional bus stops. For a seamless experience, consider booking a guided tour through Dubai holiday packages, which often include pick-up and drop-off services from Dubai hotels.
Tips for Visitors
Nearby Attractions
Reviews from platforms like TripAdvisor highlight the fort’s appeal as a historical and scenic destination. Visitors praise the stunning views from the roof, the well-preserved architecture, and the free entry, making it an accessible attraction. However, some note the lack of detailed guides or local souvenirs, with shops often selling Dubai-branded items. The fort’s compact size means it can be explored quickly, making it ideal for those short on time. Visitors recommend combining the fort with nearby sites for a richer experience and suggest winter visits to avoid the intense summer heat.
Fujairah Fort is a captivating blend of history, architecture, and culture, offering visitors an immersive journey into the UAE’s past. Its strategic hilltop location, unique design, and role in resisting colonial forces make it a symbol of Emirati strength and ingenuity. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a cultural explorer, or simply seeking stunning views, the fort delivers a memorable experience. By exploring its ancient corridors, climbing its watchtowers, and visiting nearby heritage sites, you’ll gain a deeper appreciation for Fujairah’s rich legacy. Plan your visit to this iconic landmark and uncover the timeless charm of one of the UAE’s most significant historical treasures.
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